人际交往关系的要素

 renjijiaowang shehuixintaixuedekexueyanjiumudishiquelirenjijiaowangzhongdezhuduoxintaizhuangtai、gerenxingweichanshengdebiaozhunheqingjing，bingshixiangguanzheixingdezhuanyezhishizhuanyehuahelilunhua，shizheixiebuchedixiangxideshehuifazhanchangshiwentizhuanyezhishihuodeshenghua。renjijiaowangshehuixintaixuekexueyanjiudelingyibanshirenherenzhijiandexintaizhuangtaiguanlian，shibigerenxingweigengjiashencengcidewupin，shigerenzaijiaowangzhutihuodongzhongchangzhuyaobiaoxiandegerenxingweideliandongxingheouranxingguilvxing，yincirenmenjiuhuilaitaolunyixiaxiarenjijiaowangguanlianba。

一、人际交往的界定

 renjijiaowangjiushizhirenherenzhijianxintaizhuangtaishangdeguanlian、xintaizhuangtaishangdejianju。yiyourenmenshehuifazhanzhijin，renzongyoujiaowangshangdebixu。yincirenjijiaowangshizuyicunhuo、renmenshehuifazhanzuyicunyouhefazhanqushidejibenhequebao。huanjuhuashuo，renjijiaowangjiangbenrenyubenren、benrenyurenqunxianglianjiebingchanshengxianghuzuoyongli，xianghuguanxixianghufazhanqushideyingyongxitong。

二、人际交往的因素

1、交往的自觉性

 dajiazaigoutongjiaoliugoutongjiaoliudequanguochengzhong，bingbushilingyifanglingdaoganbuduifang，zhishibiciquanshizhutihuodongdexingweizhuti。zaishenghuozhong，renmenchangkeyudaoneiyangdezhuangkuang，niruozaijieshangmaidongxi，jinguannikeyijijiditiaoxuanmouzhimingpinpaidehuopin，dandianyuanyekejijixiangnixiangxijieshaoyouguanzhimingpinpaidechanpinxinxi，gongnitiaoxuan。huanjuhuashuozairenjijiaowangquanguochengzhong，meilingyifangquanshijijizhudongzhutihuodongzhedexingweizhuti，suobuyiyangdeshisuozaiyingxiangliyoucixubale。danjibianchuzaizhuciyingxianglidelingyifang，yebingbushipugongdijienaxinxineirong，jixieshebeidicaiquxingdong，zhishiyijuzishendeguiding，xingquaihaoqulejiehepouxilingyifangdexinxineirongbingzuochuyijianfankui，diaojiezishendeyantanjuzhi，chaoguojiaoliuxinxizhimudi。

2、交往的互益性

 dandugerendegezhonggeyangzhutihuodong，jinguanjianghuiyuwaibuyoujinmideguanlian，danbukeyichengzuorenjijiaowang。renjijiaowangwubishizai2gezuoyoudegerenzhongjiankaizhandexianghuzuoyonglidezhutihuodong。lingyifangchuanchuxinxineironghuizaochengduifangzaixintaizhuangtaihegerenxingweishangdefanying，zheileifanyingxiangfanbianchengxindexinxineironggongxiaoyuqianmianyizhong。

3、交往的条件性

 zairenjijiaowangzhong，zhuyaodebiaozhunshibicisuoyingyongdebiaojiwubitongyanghuohutong，tashijiaowangchanshengdebiyaotiaojian。nenggoushiyuyanbiaoji，haikeyishishifeifeiyuyanbiaoji。rubiaojibuyiyangkerechuhenduoduanzi。li：1gelaowaiyugaiguorenjiaowangshi，wubiyingyongtongzheizhonghuoxianghudounenglejiedeyuyan，huobiedebiaoji，buranyizaochengqujie、wuhui。

三、人际交往的作用

1、dedaoxinxineirongdezuoyong

 suizhishiqidefazhanqushi，xinxineirongchengjihejishuditigao，nenglijicongshushangdedaodezhuanyezhishihexinxineirongyizhibuzude，zheibixudajiayigengkuaisudefangshilijigoutongjiaoliuxinxineirong。rudiannaoshangshangwaiwang，nenggoujiaopengyou、maidongxi、deng。rujindeshehuishixinxineirongdeshehuifazhan，xinxineirongjiushishuozhuanyezhishi，xinxineirongjiushishuocaifu，xuduorenyinweidedaolemougexinxineirong，erbianchengfuren；eryouyinweixinxineirongdeluohoushiniluowu，naizhigongchangdaobi。

2、xintaizhuangtaijiankangbaojiandezuoyong

 dajiakaizhanjiaowangbudandedaojiaoliuxinxi，bingqiebaochixintaizhuangtaishangdegoutongjiaoliu，ganqingshangdegoutongjiaoliu。ru：zaigoutongjiaoliuquanguochengzhong，biciduimougenantihuomougejianjiechangyoutongyangderenzhinengli，bicihuizaochengganqingshangdegongmingdian，yueshuoyuetoujixing，xianghubianchengnengliangxiquheganqingfaxiedelingyiban。dahuoerzairichangshenghuozhongchangyouneiyangdeganshou，youshihoupengdaopengyouyoutanbuwandehuatitaolun，jianzhijiufengzhixinqianbeishao，jibianlingyifangdemougejianjiebuxiangtong，yeburongyijiyuchizehuodichu，erhuicaiyongjieshou、renshoudexintai。zheibiaomingtamenzaijiaowangshixianghuxiangrong，xintaizhuangtaishangdejianjuhenjin，bicidoushijuedexinqingyukuai，kaixin。

 yinerrenmenxinlijiankangderongru，qibenzhishirenjijiaowangderongru。fanguolai，xintaizhuangtaixintainiuqu，shirenjijiaowangdeshihengyinfa。ruxianghucaiyongxiaochen、fouren、dichudexintai，xiaoruolerenjijiaowangchaobuliangyingxiangdefangweifazhanqushi，erzaochengfenlixingganqing。rulianggerenyoufenqi，yebukengoutongjiaoliu。nikanbushunyanwo，yinweiwokanbushunyanni，xianghuxintaizhuangtaijianjutingda，yizaochengqingdutongkujigudanjimogan。rupoxizhijianbuhe、fuqijianjiqibabamamayuernvzhongjiandemaodun，doushizaochengxintaizhuangtaishangdeqianjiayaosu，buliyushenxinshenxinjiankang。

3、tuidongziworentongfazhanqushidezuoyong

 shenbiandebangyangcujinrenchengcai。ziworentongdefazhanqushishigenjujiaowangbaochide，zaiyubierendejiaowangzhong，huizaochenggenggaizishendexingquaihao、zhuguanyinsu、gongzuonengli、xinnianhegerenxingwei。rendaocongbierenduizishendexintaihedianpingzhongziworenshipinpaixingxiang，ziworentongdefazhanqushiyezaibuduanjiaowangzhongquxiangkeguanxing、chengshuqi、jianquan。

四、沟通的技巧

 shejiaogoutongjiaoliuyejiushishuodajialingjulikaizhanxinxineirongheganqingdehuhuan。renjubeishehuifazhantexing，bixuhuxianggoutongjiaoliu，jiushishuolurencouzaiyiqiyekeyigoutongjiaoliu。biruzaifeijichang，zaihouzhenshihuoguanchajiucaideng，dajiacouzaiyiqiyehuixianglaoyouxiangtongkaizhangoutongjiaoliu，dajiazaixianghuzhijianjiaoliusixiang、xiangtongganqingdequanguochengzhong，yougenjuyuyangoutongjiaoliu，yeshigenjufeiyuyangoutongjiaoliu，baohanxiaobiaoqing、zishideng。

1、conglingyifangdeguandianlaikan，chuangjianshangtanguanlian。

 xintaiyaorouhe，yaoyingyongxianghutingdongdeyuyan。zuixianyaoshifangyali，gaozhiqingtalaideyuanyin，tahuiwendingchulai，chuangjianshangtanguanlian。

2、仔细观查

 zaishangtanquanguochengzhong，renmenchukaiyaotingyingshuowai，yeyaoduihuanzhedeyiyanyixingchayanguanse，liuyitadexianwaizhiyin，lingwaihaiyaoguanchatadexintaidengzhuanbian。tebieshizaishijingshenbinghuanzhe，congtanhuaneirongkefajuetadebingzhengzhuanbian，luojisiweidengzhuangkuang。

3、提问的技巧

 tichuwentishi“goutongjiaoliudejichufangshi”。goutongjiaoliuzhekefoumingquetichushihedenantishiheligoutongjiaoliuzhongzuiguanjiandefangfa。tongchangqingkuangxiayouliangdaleitichuwentifangfa：changkaishihemibishi。

4、反复

 zaigoutongjiaoliuquanguochengzhong，fanfushigoutongjiaoliudexinxifankui，genjufanfu，nenggoutahuirenshizijiyijinglingtingtadexushu，binglejietachangshuodeneirong。fanfujitamenyizheizhongzishendehuaxuduorenlingting，yijingqixiaozhigan，tishengqixinxin。shitajuedezishendehuayoushijixiaoguohuobeilejieshi，jiuhuijuedebeijili，jinerzaicixushu，bingshenhuasisuo。

7、聆听

 zheiersuoshuode“lingting”，bingbushizhineifenmixitongde“yingyutingli”，zhishizheizhongxintaizhuangtaizuoyong，shiduijienadaodexinxineirongsuozuojijizhudonghuidongdexintaizhuangtaifanying；zuixianyaoyongxin，renzhenqutinglingyifangfayan，meishouwaibugannao。duilingyifangdefayanyaozuochushidudefanying，ruyunyongfanfu，huoyuqicihuodiandiantoubiaodadeng；

 yaobuhuomei1gexiangguanxinxineirong，danjinliangbuyaojilingyifangdehuazuochufenbian，yebubijiqiebiaoshuzishendejianjiehejianyi;meitingqingshi，yaojimianzidiqinglingyifangfanfu;tishiyuyandezuihougongxiaoshibaochigoutongzhedezishenpinpaixingxiang，danzheiyigongxiaohuoxubibushangtishiyuyandebiedegongxiaoxianzhu。tishiyuyankexiezhudajiazaibierenyanqianqiadaohaochudizhuyaobiaoxianzishendepinpaixingxiang，haikeyixiezhudajiazhuyaobiaoxiantamenxiangzaibierenyanqianzhuyaobiaoxiandepinpaixingxiang。