北方天空中最醒目、最重要的星座：大熊星座

 daxiongxingzuo（ursa major，uma）shibeitianxingzuozhiyi，weiyuxiaoxiongzuo、xiaoshizuofujin，yuxianhouzuoxiangdui。chunjishiheguancha，shizhumingdebeidouqixingsuozaixingzuochuanshuo。

 zaidiqiushangbutongweidudediqu，suonengkandaodexingzuogushishibuyiyangde。zaibeiwei40°yishangdediqu，yejiushibeijinghexilayibeidedifang，yiniansijidoukeyijiandaodaxiongxingzuo。buguo，chuntian，daxiongxingzuozhengzaibeitiandegaokong，shisijizhongguankantaquanmaodeshijie。

 daxiongxingzuoquantianmianjiweidisan，jinciyuzhangshezuoheshinvzuo。youyubeidouqixing（congdaxiongxingzuoαdaodaxiongxingzuoη，chuqudaxiongxingzuoδshisandengxingwai，lingwai6kexingjunshi2dengyishangdeliangxing）decunzai，daxiongxingzuokenengshiquantianzuizhumingdexingzuochuanshuole。beidouxingdetoulianggexingαheβ，duiyuzhaodaobeijixingjuyouzhishizuoyong，zheiliangxingdelianxianzhijiezhixiangbeitianji。

 shaobingdedierkexing（daxiongxingzuoζ）shijishangshijuxing，tongguorouyanwomenjiukeyikandaoyige4dengdebanxingalcor。tongguoxiaoxingwangyuanjingwomenhaikeyikandaokaojindaxiongxingzuoζdelingwaiyikexing，tayeshi4dengxing。ershijishangzhei3kexingyougeshiyigeshuangxingxitong，yinci，zheishiyigeliuxingxitong。lingyigeyouqudeshidaxiongxingzuoξ，zheishiyigeyoulianggehuangsehengxingzuchengdeshuangxingxitong，bicijianyi60nianweizhouqijinxingyundong。gaizuoyoulianggexuanwoxingxi：8dengm81he9dengdem101。

 zaizhongguogudaixingzuogushi，badaxiongxingzuozhongdeqikeliangxingkanzuoyigeshaozidexingzhuang，zheijiushiwomenchangshuodebeidouqixing。qishi，guankandaxiongxingzuoshi，shaozidexingzhuangbixiongdexingxianggengrongyibeikanchulai。shaoziyiniansijidouzaitianshang，butongjijieshaobadezhixiangyoubianhua，qiahaoshiyijizhiyigefangxiang。

 yonggurendehualaishuojiushi：“doubingdongzhi，tianxiajiechun；doubingnanzhi，tianxiajiexia；doubingxizhi，tianxiajieqiu；doubingbeizhi，tianxiajiedong”。yuangushidaimeiyourili，renmenjiuyongzheizhongbanfagucesiji。dangran，youyudiqiudezizhuan，bixushiwanshangbadianduocainengkandaozheiyixianxiang。

 daxiongxingzuowuyishibeifangtiankongzhongzuixingmu、zuizhongyaodexingzuo，guwangjinlaigeguodetianwenxuejiadouhenzhongshita。womenchangshuo“mantianxingdou”，kejianzhongguorenjianzhibabeidouzuoweitianshangzhongxingdedaimingcile。

 zhongguogudaitianwenxuejiajibeidouqixingdemeiyikedouzhuanmenqilemingzi，erqiehaitebiebadoushendeα、β、γ、δsikexingchengzuo“kui”。kuijiushichuanshuozhongdewenquxing，gudai，tashizhuguankaoshideshen。zaikejushidai，canjiakejukaoshishipinhanrenjiazidichurentoudideweiyibanfa。meifengdakao，huiyouhenduojuziyangwangbeidou，momodaogao，xiwangnenggougaozhong。